COMMUNICATION
Communication is important for people to share their views and opinions. It is a process in which two or more people share their knowledge, information, resources and expertise among themselves. Just like humans computer also have the ability to communicate. The process is known as Computer Communication.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Computers were stand-alone devices when they were first introduced. With the rapid increase in the uses of computers, the manufacturers began to design hardware and software that would allow computers to communicate.
Computer communications is described as a process in which one computer transfers data, instructions and information to another computer(s). Earlier only large computers had the ability communication capabilities. Today, even smaller computers and devices can communicate directly with one another, with hundreds of computers on a company network, or with millions of other computers around the globe—often via Internet. Some communication involve cables and wires; others are sent wirelessly through the air. For successful computer communication, you need the following components:
SENDER : It is a sending device that initiates to send data, instructions and information. It can be a computer or a mobile device.
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL OR TRANSMISSION MEDIA : It is a medium on which the data, instructions and information travel. It can be cables, microwave stations or satellites.
RECEIVER : It is a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions and information. It can be a computer or a mobile device.
PROTOCOL : It is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate. Without protocol, two devices may be connected but cannot transfer or exchange data. A protocol may define data format, coding schemes and the sequence in which data transfers among devices.
COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected by communication channels. People connect computer to a network for a variety of reasons, including the ability to share hardware, software, data and information as well as to facilitate communication.
A computer network can be as small as two computers connected to each other or it may be spread over different parts of a city or covering the whole world.
NEED FOR A NETWORK
You can share resources such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information with the help of a network. Sharing resources saves time and money.
DATA AND INFORMATION SHARING
In a network environment, any authorized user can use a computer to access data and information stored on other computers in the network. A large company, for example might store a database of customer information on the hard disk of the server. Any authorized person can connect to the network and can access the database. The capability of providing access and storage of data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of a network.
HARDWARE SHARING
In a network environment, each computer on a network can access the hardware available on the network. Suppose, if there are a number of personal computers (PCs) on a network and each one need to use a laser printer. If personal computer and laser printer are connected in a network, each personal computer user can access the laser printer over the network, whenever he or she needs it.
SOFTWARE SHARING
Network lets people gain access to software programs stored on a central computer. Using their own computers, individuals can gain access to and work with these programs. By sharing a program, a company can avoid having to install a copy of the program on each person's computer separately.
TRANSFER FUNDS
Network allows users to exchange money from one bank account to another via Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT). Both business houses and consumers use EFT. Examples include, use of credit and debit cards, direct deposit of funds into bank, online banking, and online bill payment.
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